webinstall.dev/git Star on GitHub

To update or switch versions, run webi git@stable (or @v2.30, @beta, etc).

Cheat Sheet

Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals.

Github's Git 'Hello World' is a good place to get started if you're new to git.

Table of Contents

• Files
• Commit Files
• Ignore Files
• Reasonable Defaults
• Create Branch
• Rebase
• Auth via SSH
• Auth via Token

Files

These are the files / directories that are created and/or modified with this install:

~/.config/envman/PATH.env
~/.gitconfig
~/.local/opt/git/ # Windows
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/ # macOS

How to commit files

git add ./path/to/file1
git add ./path/to/file2
git commit -m "my summary for this commit"

How to ignore common files

In your project repository create a .gitignore file with patterns of fies to ignore

.env*
*.bak
*.tmp
.*.sw*

How to create a branch

This will branch from the branch you're currently on.

git switch -c my-branch-name

Reasonable Defaults for Git Config

• use SSH instead of HTTPS
• default to 'main'
• create on 'push'
• stash on 'rebase'
• default to 'rebase' (modern)

#####################
#    ENFORCE SSH    #
#####################
# replace HTTPS urls with SSH urls (to always use keys rather than tokens)

git config --global url."ssh://git@example.com/".insteadOf "https://example.com/"
git config --global url."ssh://git@github.com/".insteadOf "https://github.com/"

######################
#   DEFAULT BRANCH   #
######################
# Set the default branch for new repos (ex: 'main')

git config --global init.defaultBranch 'main'

######################
# AUTOMATIC BRANCHES #
######################
# make 'git push' create branches if they don't exist on the remote

git config --global push.autoSetupRemote true

######################
# REBASE AUTO-STASH  #
######################
# stash immediately before rebase and unstash immediately after

git config --global rebase.autoStash true

######################
# REBASE BY DEFAULT  #
######################
# use 'rebase' rather than 'merge' or 'ff-only'

git config --global pull.rebase true

How to rebase

To "rebase" simply means to undo any of your changes, apply updates from another branch first, and then replay your changes.

Rebase when fetching new updates

git pull --rebase origin master

Rebase a feature branch from master before a merge

# update master
git fetch
git switch master
git pull

# go back to your feature branch
git switch my-feature

# start the rebase
git rebase master

# fix conflicts if you need to, and then continue
git add ./my-merged-file
git rebase --continue

How to authenticate git with SSH keys by default

# Git, Gitea, etc
git config --global url."ssh://git@git.example.com/".insteadOf "https://git.example.com/"
git config --global url."ssh://git@git.example.com.com/".insteadOf "git@git.example.com.com:"

# GitHub
git config --global url."ssh://git@github.com/".insteadOf "https://github.com/"
git config --global url."ssh://git@github.com/".insteadOf "git@github.com:"

# GitLab
git config --global url."ssh://git@gitlab.com/".insteadOf "https://gitlab.com/"
git config --global url."ssh://git@gitlab.com/".insteadOf "git@gitlab.com:"

# BitBucket
git config --global url."ssh://git@bitbucket.com/".insteadOf "https://bitbucket.com/"
git config --global url."ssh://git@bitbucket.com/".insteadOf "git@bitbucket.com:"

How to authenticate git with deploy tokens

Abbreviated from The Vanilla DevOps Git Credentials & Private Packages Cheatsheet:

First, update .gitconfig to handle each type of git URL (git, ssh, and http) as https:

git config --global url."https://api@github.com/".insteadOf "https://github.com/"
git config --global url."https://ssh@github.com/".insteadOf "ssh://git@github.com/"
git config --global url."https://git@github.com/".insteadOf "git@github.com:"

Next, create a .git-askpass:

echo 'echo "${MY_GIT_TOKEN}"' > ~/.git-askpass
chmod +x ~/.git-askpass

Finally, add the following ENVs to your deployment environment:

GIT_ASKPASS="${HOME}/.git-askpass"

# Relpace xxxx... with your deploy token
MY_GIT_TOKEN=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

In the case of Github it may be useful to create a read-only deploy user for your organization.

This can work with Docker, Github, Gitlab, Gitea, CircleCI, and many more.